Graves' disease is an autoimmune hyperthyroidism causing an overactive thyroid and associated symptoms.
✦ AI summary
Research on Graves' disease (an autoimmune condition causing overactive thyroid) covers many angles. On diagnosis and monitoring, ultrasound can show a "thyroid inferno" pattern of increased blood flow that helps distinguish Graves' from other thyroid conditions and may hint at recurrence risk if treatment stops [11]; in children, a specific hormone ratio (FT3/FT4) has been studied as a way to predict relapse after stopping antithyroid medication [10]. Thyroid eye disease (TED), a related complication, is an active research area — mild TED is very common but understudied [6], cannabis use has been linked to higher short-term risk of some TED features [1], and antibody-driven mechanisms involving TSH and IGF-1 receptors on fibroblasts have been explored to explain eye tissue changes [8]. Newer treatments are being tested, including FcRn-blocking drugs showing promise for normalizing thyroid hormones in Graves' disease, though related trials for TED have had mixed results [4], and teprotumumab (a TED treatment) has been reported in one case to cause blood sugar problems tied to growth hormone effects [5]. Other studies looked at broader health links, such
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between cannabis usage and thyroid eye disease (TED) in patients with autoimmune hyperthyroidism. While the association between cigarette smoking and TED is well established, the effect of cannabis on TED is unclear. This cohort study exami…
Causal effect of thyroid function on cortical brain structure: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
The causal relationship between variations in thyroid dysfunction and brain structure remains elusive. We intended to probe into this causal connection using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Aggregated statistics from the genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) on Autoimmune thyroid dysfunction…
Causal association and shared mechanisms between Graves' disease and prostate cancer: insights from Mendelian randomization, machine learning, and comprehensive bioinformatics.
Observational studies link hyperthyroidism to increased prostate cancer (PCa) risk, but causality and mechanisms remain unclear. Graves' disease (GD), the primary cause of hyperthyroidism, involves chronic immune dysregulation that may influence PCa through shared immune pathways. We performed bidir…
New horizons for autoimmune hyperthyroidism with FcRn blockers.
Advances in understanding of autoimmune hyperthyroidism and neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) biology have created an opportunity for a novel immunomodulatory treatment approach. This review is timely in evaluating newly emerged literature for FcRn blockers Batoclimab (IMVT-1401), Imeroprubart (IMVT-1402)…
Stimulating Thyrotropin Receptor Antibodies Enhance the Expression of Both Thyrotropin Receptors and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptors in Fibroblasts.
Thyrotropin (TSH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signals have been shown to be additive in their action on thyroid cells and fibroblasts, and this coordination emphasizes the role of TSH receptor (TSHR) and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling exerted by stimulating TSHR antibodies in patient…
Mild Thyroid Eye Disease-The Most Common yet the Least Studied Presentation of Thyroid Eye Disease.
Mild thyroid eye disease (TED) is the most common form of TED, yet it is the least studied. Uncertainties about the natural history and prevention, and underfunding for clinical research, are an obstacle to improving the management of this important group of patients. The available evidence suggests…
The Free T3/Free T4 Ratio Predicts Relapse After Antithyroid Drug Withdrawal in Pediatric Autoimmune Hyperthyroidism.
The likelihood of remission in patients with autoimmune hyperthyroidism (AH) depends on several prognostic factors. The free T3 (FT3)/free T4 (FT4) ratio has been suggested as a potential marker of disease severity and prognosis. To evaluate the prognostic value of the FT3/FT4 ratio in predicting th…
Brain network alterations in autoimmune diseases: Current status and future prospects.
Autoimmune diseases are frequently associated with neurological and cognitive dysfunction. Advances in neuroimaging and graph theory-based connectomics have enabled investigation of large-scale brain network alterations across autoimmune conditions. This review synthesizes structural and functional…